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As one of the world’s new and emerging economies, India’s Dalits are manual scavengers rummaging through and cleaning the dry toilets of other people who are high caste and carting their human waste. The menfolk usually clean the sewer and the septic tanks while the womenfolk would be carting piles of excreta in cane baskets to get rid of them. According to estimates hundreds of sewer workers risk their lives to the point that hundreds of workers die every year as they inhale toxic gases. The internet in stark contrast is often believed to be a virtual space without any hierarchy but with unlimited scope and opportunities where the age-old caste system, race, and gender are non-existent. If it was to be assumed and also how the production, maintenance and ‘optimization’ of new media technologies exploring how some populations thrive and survive the fantasy of an internet devoid of humans are more often than not built on the premise that the bodies and the labor are invisible inclusive of the Dalits of death of others who are recolonized in lands far away.   Colonialism was driven by the social imaginary based on the premise that the source or emergence of knowledge is in the West and its spread to the other parts of the world is a result of the generous imperialist spreading of tentacles aggressively. It was presumed that the colonization of the black and brown slaves needed to be civilized and therefore, colonialism was an endeavor that was unavoidable, full of righteousness and piety. Dominant institutions of all kinds, inclusive of the scientific industrial complex, were deployed for justification claiming it to be true. In the meantime extraction from the colonies kept on providing the resources to stimulate the industrial revolution. Some things, including the production of various technologies using extracted colonial resources, bought back by the colonized subjects, creating vicious dependency cycles are existing even in this day and age.The vast majority of technology companies emerging in the West frequently have been partnering with their very own offshore delivery centers for cost-cutting purposes. A case in point is the fact that according to estimates several hundred thousand people are employed globally in moderation of digital content. This massive workforce scavenges several hundreds of hours of video footage, a couple of hundreds of thousands of tweets and millions and millions of Facebook posts that appear on the internet minute after minute as they vet and removed if the content is found to be offensive, violent, traumatic or even obscene. This is an example of the type of menial work also known as ‘digital waste’ that is outsourced to offshore locations in the name of optimization and cost-cutting. What the earnings of the Content moderators in India and the Philippines are in a day, the moderators based in the US earn in an hour which is the major incentive if not the only incentive for companies in the west to outsource their work to offshore locations as there is the advantage of these countries knowing the English language as well as being acquainted with the culture of the west.What are attractive to the vast majority of corporations is the fact that there is no telling when cheap labor could be laid-off anytime or conversely employers could shut down their offices in one location and reopen in another which might be even cheaper location. Indigenous Navajo Women were laborers producing circuits at a factory at the reserve maintaining a low profile for others to at least feel if not, in reality, be free and in control through the use of technology. It's been argued that historically the onus of digital media’s production of devices is disproportionately borne by colored women who create them. It's been discovered after delving into the historical data behind these technologies that both man and machine are absolutely essential for anyone to fathom the configuration of digital labor these days. The colored women’s labor in regards to electronics manufacturing or the digital revolution no one knows about or in other words they are unsung heroes. ?The launching of the PC revolution is a case in point that contributed to the rich history of offshoring that led to the Internet, and in turn, led to all other things. Besides, Navajo workers were regarded as possessing a mix of innate racial and cultural traits that could be enhanced or reformed to manufacture chips accurately, quickly, and seamlessly. Like scavenging manually, chip manufacturing has its claim to notoriety as being a filthy business and workers at semiconductor manufacturing plants are victims of diseases related to pollution. Eventually, the Navajo nation did not derive any economic benefit in comparison with what it had hoped for or expected from the plant and had to live with the waste and its long-term effects.Facebook, strictly enforces its mandatory requirement of signing non-disclosure agreements and once the NDA is signed employees are barred from even speaking to each other about their job profile. Although Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s speeches at the UN are broadly about optimizing the internet’s dominance and thereby leveraging human rights. In the process what he is after is showcasing and projecting his platform as though a bellwether of the freedom of expression, his company, has intimidated its offshore workers with a hefty penalty of a couple of thousands of Euros as punishment for violating the NDA. Click here to connect to Vidhikarya’s registered expert human rights lawyers for further legal advice in this regard.  

Rights and Fundamental RightsIts oft-heard that both radicals and the layman alike are dueling for their human rights. The question though is what rights are we talking about here and did we get these rights from anyone? Fundamentally, why is it that people have to be on a tussle all the time for their human rights? Read on to find answers to these burning questions. Introduction to Human Rights and Fundamental RightsThe Indian Constitution has entire sections on The Rights and Fundamental Rights that guarantee people that their rights would be protected. These Fundamental Rights are regarded as the basic human rights of Indian citizens, notwithstanding their gender, caste, religion, creed, so on and so forth. These sections are the vital elements of the constitution which were developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Indian Constitution.The six fundamental rights in India are Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and Right to Constitutional Remedies.1. Right to EqualityRight to Equality ensures that all citizens get equal rights. Inequality on the basis of caste, religion, place of birth, race, or gender is prohibited on the basis of the Right to Equality. It ensures equal opportunity in case of government jobs preventing the State from being discriminatory against anyone in regards to employment matters solely based on religious and racial grounds as well as on caste, sex, descent, birthplace, and domicile. 2. Right to FreedomThe right to freedom includes a wide array of rights including freedom of speech, expression, unarmed assembly, movement within national boundaries, association, practicing any profession, taking up residence in any part of India. These rights, however, have restrictions of their own.3. Right against ExploitationHuman trafficking, child labor, offensive forced labor inviting legally validated punishment, and also an act that compels a person to do unpaid work when the person did not have any sort of legal entitlement to do the work or get paid for it are all instances of exploitation that are condemned by the Right against Exploitation. The only exception is if there is any benefit to the public such as NGO work or community services. 4. Right to Freedom of ReligionThe right to Freedom of Religion ensures religious freedom and secular states in India. According to the Constitution, the States ought to view all religions equally in an unbiased manner and that none of the states has an official religion. It also ensures that people have the freedom of conscience and the freedom of preaching, practicing and propagating any religion that they may choose to.5. Cultural and Educational RightsCultural and Educational Rights safeguards the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic minorities by facilitating conservation of their culture and safeguarding them against discriminatory practices. Educational rights assure education for one and all regardless of their caste, gender, religion, and so on. 6. Right to Constitutional RemediesIf citizens' fundamental rights have been violated then they can appeal to the Supreme Court of India for enforcement or seek protection if their fundamental rights have been violated or infringed upon. It's within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to ensure that the Fundamental Rights are enforced even if that means implicating private bodies. Awarding compensation to the affected individual in case of any violation is the norm. ?Click here to connect to Vidhikarya’s registered expert human rights lawyers for further legal advice in this regard.